一、功能动词
表示“分类”：classify，assort，categorize，label
* People are usually categorized/classified as sociable and unsociable.
* The man is usually labeled as a new-rich [暴发户].
人们常把他归于暴发户之列表示“造成”：cause，lead to，result in，bring about，bring on，trigger，give rise to #engender：*Sympathy often engenders love.
同情常常产生爱情表示“做”：conduct，carry out，implement，commit，be under way
* 真题07-3 Michael Lynn，has conducted dozens of studies of tipping…
* The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan
institutions. 政府承诺实施/执行一个新的系统来控制金融贷款机构。
* The project is now well under way.
一个项目正在顺利行进表示 “评估”：evaluate，appraise，assess，judge
表示“期望”：expect，anticipate，long for，look forward to，hope，wish
表示“拥有”：have，own，possess，hold，be in possession of，belong to （属于）
表示“掌控”：control，be in charge of，dominate，monitor，supervise
表示“破坏”：damage，ruin，spoil，destroy，devastate，raze，wreck *The accident wrecked his health. 这次意外事故损坏了他的健康。
表示“理解，知道”：understand，appreciate，be aware of，be conscious of，recognize
表示“很多”：many，numerous，a flood of，a good many，considerable，substantial abundant，a wealth of [修饰可数或不可数]，plenty of，a great number of，a great deal of
表示“有联系”：relate to，correlate to，associate with，connect to，link with，be linked to
表示“表明，证明”：show，demonstrate，manifest v.，prove，reveal，# unravel [ravel n.混乱]
表示“参与”：take part in，participate in，be involved in
二、功能形容词
表示“相反”：opposing ：He has an opposing view about the world 对于世界他有完全不同的观点
contradictory：contradictory ideas 相互矛盾的观点
表示“反对”：against，be opposed to，be averse to …，object to，真题07-3：I knew three groups would be opposed：customers，servers and restaurant owners
表示“调整适应”：adjust to，adapt to
gear to ：This training is geared to passing MBA examinations.
accommodate ：The eye can accommodate itself to seeing objects at different distances. 眼睛能自动调节以便观看远近不同的景物。
表示“很可能，倾向于”：be likely to，be apt to，be prone to，be inclined to，tend to
* People are inclined to believe that the more money they have the happier they would be
表示“足够”：enough，adequate，ample，sufficient
表示“好，棒”：good，great，fabulous，marvelous，magnificent，miraculous，terrific，amazing fantastic，gorgeous
表示“难以置信”：unbelievable，incredible，unimaginable，It is hard to believe/imagine …
表示“重要”：important，critical，crucial，essential，fundamental，foremost，significant [意义重大]，vital
表示“不可缺少”：necessary，essential，indispensible，integral [强调组成整体中的一部分]
* Kids are an integral part of a family.
表示“明显的”：obvious，apparent，clear，distinct，evident，manifest，# overt [公开的]
表示“复杂的”：complicated，complex，involved，sophisticated [强调因为技术精密而复杂]
* a sophisticated telescope 精密复杂的望远镜
表示“有前景”：promising，potential，prospective
三、功能副词
表示“主要地，根本上地” mainly，basically，chiefly，essentially，primarily，principally
表示“仅仅，只不过”：only，just，merely，solely，no more than，exclusively
* He learned music solely for fun. 他学音乐只是为了开心
* He learned English exclusively by himself. 他的英语只是自学的 [强调没有靠其他方式]
表示 “非常，很”：very，greatly，awfully，badly，considerably，enormously，extremely，significantly，highly，radically，excessively [过渡地]，# disproportionately [比例过大地]
表示“大约”：about，approximately，around，or so，some：Some 4000 people went to the show
表示“实际上，实质上”：actually，as a matter of fact，in fact，in effect，practically，really，virtually
其他
表示“关于”：about，in regard to，respecting，on，with respect to，in terms of（在…方面）：China is great nation in terms of its history.
表示“同时”：at the same time，in the meantime，meanwhile
表示“根据”：according to，based on，in the light of ：In the light of the evidence, we are convinced that he is right.
四、态度观点信号词
论点：认为，相信：argue，argument，believe，suppose，think，be convinced that [相信]，hold the belief that …，have a notion that …，view…as，regard… as，see…as，consider… to be，reckon [算作，设想]
论据：for example，for instance，specifically，take… as an example，like，such as …，Imagine …
调查研究：investigation，inquiry [hold an inquiry into a case 对一个案子进行调查]，research，study，survey，report，questionnaire[调查问卷]，measurement
调查研究结果：
得出结论：conclude that …，come to a conclusion that …，draw a conclusion that …
表明，发现：show，suggest，demonstrate，manifest [清楚地显示或表示] display，find，find out，discover，reveal，proveindicate，imply
预测：forecast，foretell，foresee，predict
表示赞同：agree，appreciate，approve，consent to
表示反对：against，disagree，disapprove，dissent，object to，be opposed to
表示事实：belief，fact，reality，truth
表示理论，设想：assumption，theory，hypothesis [假设]
表示目的：to do，aim at，for the sake of，for，serve as，in favor of [有利于]，for the purpose of，intend to do
论据中常见专家名称：expert，specialist，professor，associate professor [副教授]，sociologist [社会学家]，economist，linguist[语言学家]，consultant [顾问] psychologist [心理学家]，behaviorist [行为学家]，philosopher[哲学家]，anthropologist [人类学家]，archaeologist [考古学家]
表示“暗示，线索”：clue，clew，hint，implication
五、逻辑信号词
1、表示因果的
原因：后接句子 —— Because，since，as，for
后接词组 —— because of，thanks to，owing to，due to，as a result of，by/in virtue of [由于]
* The movie touched me by virtue of its story.
结果：so（that），accordingly[因此]，as a result，consequently，for this（that）reason，hence，therefore
此外：表因果的特色词汇
比如A 是因，B是果：
A account for/be responsible for B
A cause/lead to/result in/bring about/bring on/trigger/give rise to B
2、表示转折的
“但是，然而”：but，however，yet，nevertheless，whereas
“尽管，虽然”：后接句子 —— although，though，even though，while，# notwithstanding
后接词组 —— despite，in spite of
“相反地”：conversely[相反地]，on the contrary
“另一方面”：on the other hand，
3、表示比较的
by comparison，in contrast （相比之下），in the same way，similarly
4、表示递进的
also，besides，furthermore，in addition，in particular（特别地）more importantly，moreover，What's more
5、表示概括的
in brief，in conclusion，in short，in a word，in sum，to sum up，on the whole，to conclude
6、表示并列
and，or，at the same time，meanwhile，as well as
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