第一套

　　It was a cold， rainy and wholly miserable afternoon in Washington， and a hot muggy night in Miami. It was Sunday， and three games were played in the two cities. The people playing them and the people watching them tell us much about the ever-changing ethnic structure of the United States.

　　Professional football in the United States is almost wholly played by native-born American citizens， mostly very large and very strong， many of them black. It is a game of physical strength. Linemen routinely weigh more than 300 pounds. Players are valued for their weigh and muscles， for how fast they can run， and how hard they can hit each other. Football draws the biggest crowds， but the teams play only once a week， because they get so battered.

　　The 67，204 fans were in Miami for the final game of the baseball World Series. Baseball was once America“s favorite game， but has lost that claim to basketball.

　　Baseball is a game that requires strength， but not hugeness. Agility， quickness， perfect vision and quick reaction are more important than pure strength. Baseball was once a purely American game， but has spread around much of the New World. In that Sunday“s final， the final hit of the extra inning game was delivered by a native of Columbia. The Most Valuable Player in the game was a native of Columbia. The rosters of both teams were awash with Hispanic names， as is Miami， which now claims the World Championship is a game that may be losing popularity in America， but has gained it in much of the rest of the world. Baseball in America has taken on a strong Hispanic flavor， with a dash of Japanese added for seasoning.

　　Soccer， which many countries just call football， is the most widely enjoyed sport in the world. In soccer， which many countries just call football， the ethnic tide has been the reverse of baseball. Until recently， professional soccer in the United States has largely been an import， played by South Americans and Europeans. Now， American citizens in large numbers are finally taking up the most popular game in the world.

　　Basketball， an American invention increasingly played around the world， these days draws large crowds back home. Likewise， hockey， a game largely imported to the United States from neighboring Canada. Lacrosse， a version of which was played by Native Americans before the Europeans arrived， is also gaining a keen national following.

　　Sports of all kinds are winning support from American armchair enthusiasts from a variety of ethnic backgrounds.

　　1.Which of the following can reflect the ever-changing ethnic structure of America？

　　A.Sportsman.   B.Audience.   C.Both of them.   D.None of them.

　　2.Who play professional football in the United States？。

　　A.Native-born American citizens.

　　B.Europeans.

　　C.South Americans.

　　D.Both B and C.

　　3.What is America“s favorite game？

　　A. Baseball.   B. Basketball.

　　C. Professional football.   D. Soccer.

　　4.Which of the following statements about soccer is true？

　　A.In soccer and basketball， the ethnic tide is different.

　　B.Until recently， soccer becomes an important game， so many native Americans play it.

　　C.It is the most popular game in the world， so many American citizens take up it.

　　D.Although soccer is the most popular game in the world， American citizens in large numbers do not like first.

　　5.The author of the passage wants to tell us that ____.

　　A.Americans like sports and sports reveal much about the changing ethnic structure of the United States

　　B.In Washington， several games are played in one day

　　C.Americans like all kinds of games

　　D.The American games are watched by native-Americans and played by people from different countries

　　Keys to Passage 1

　　C   A   D   B   A

　　第二套

　　The war was the most peaceful period of my life. The window of my bedroom faced southeast. My mother had curtained it， but that had small effect. I always woke up with the first light and， with all the responsibilities of the previous day melted， felt myself rather like the sun， ready to shine and feel joy. Life never seemed so simple and clear and full of possibilities as then. I stuck my feet out under the sheets-I called them Mrs.

　　Left and Mrs. Right-and invented dramatic situations for them in which they discussed the problems of the day. At least Mrs.

　　Right did； she easily showed her feelings， but I didn“t have the same control of Mrs. Left， so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement.

　　They discussed what Mother and I should do during the day， what Santa Claus should give a fellow for Christmas， and what steps should be taken to brighten the home. There was that little matter of the baby， for instance. Mother and I could never agree about that. Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby， and Mother said we couldn“t afford one till Father came back from the war because if cost seventeen and six. That showed how foolish she was. The Geneys up the road had a baby， and everyone knew they couldn”t afford seventeen and six. It was probably a cheap baby， and Mother wanted something really good， but I felt she was too hard to please. The Geneys“ baby would have done us fine.

　　Having settled my plans for the day， I got up， put a chair under my window， and lifted the frame high enough to stick out my head. The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours， and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall， red-brick house up the opposite hillside， which were all still shadow， while those on our side of the valley were all lit up， though with long storage shadows that made them seem unfamiliar， stiff and painted.

　　After that I wentsintosMother“s room and climbedsintosthe big bed. She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes. By this time， though I never seem to have noticed it， I was freezing in my nightshirt， but I warmed up as I talked until the last frost melted. I fell asleep beside her and woke again only when I heard her below in the kitchen， making breakfast.

　　1. How did the author feel early in the morning？

　　A. He felt frightened by the war.

　　B. He felt cheerful.

　　C. He felt puzzled by the dramatic situations around him.

　　D. He felt burdened with responsibilities.

　　2.When he woke up in the morning， he would ____.

　　A. visit Mrs. Left and Mrs. Right

　　B. roll up the curtains

　　C. try to work out his plans for the day

　　D. make Mrs. Left argue with Mrs. Right

　　3.What did the author think of his mother？

　　A. She was stubborn.

　　B. She was poor.

　　C. She was not very intelligent.

　　D. She did not love him very much.

　　4.Where was the author“s father during the war？

　　A. He was out on business.

　　B. He was working in another town.

　　C. He went traveling.

　　D. He was fighting in the front.

　　5.In which month did the story probably take place？

　　A. In January.   B. In September.   C. In December.

　　D. In November.

　　Keys to Passage 2

 　　B C A D C

　　第三套

　　The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books， as well as several chapters， mainly in， but not limited to， journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts， stress the DOUB LE_QUOTATIONhow to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview， its context， and impressions. As we know， in journalism as in other fields， much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can b e developed.

　　There is， as has been suggested， a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting， but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand， many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical（经验的）aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily， this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First， it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar， at least in a positive manner， with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview， such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis（诊断）and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However， very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media， particularly by television. And yet， we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers， listeners， and viewers. Even so， true understanding of the journalistic interview， especially television interviews， requires thoughtful analysis and even study， as this book indicates.

　　1.The main idea of the first paragraph is that____.

　　A. generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism

　　B. concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing

　　C. importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing

　　D. personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews

　　2. Much research has been done on interviews in general ____.

　　A. but journalistic interviewing as specific field has unfortunately bee n neglected

　　B. though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn“t received much attention

　　C. so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened

　　D. and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing

　　3. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview，____.

　　A. but most of them wish to stay away from it

　　B. and many of them hope to be interviewed some day

　　C. but most of them may not have been interviewed in person

　　D. and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it

　　4. Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview？

　　A. The psychologist. B. The physician.

　　C. The journalist.

　　D. The patient.

　　5. The passage is most likely a part of____.

　　A. a news article B. a preface

　　C. a research report D. a journalistic interview

　　Keys to Passage 3

　　C A C D B

　　第四套

　　Less than a year ago， a new generation of diet pills seemed to offer the long-sought answer to our chronic weight problems. Hundreds of thousands of pound-conscious Americans had discovered that a drug combination known as “fen-phen” could shut off voracious appetites like magic， and the FDA had just approved a new drug， Redux， that did the same with fewer side effects. Redux would attract hundreds of thousands of new pill poppers within a few months.

　　But now the diet-drug revolution is facing a backlash. Some of the nation“s largest HMOs， including Aetna U.S. Healthcare and Prudential Healthcare have begun cutting back or eliminating reimbursement （退款补偿、报销） for both pills. Diet chains like Jenny Craig and Nutri/System are backing away from them too. Several states， meanwhile， have restricted the use of fen-phen. Last week the Florida legislature banned new prescriptions entirely and called on doctors to wean （使断绝） current patients from the drug within 30 days； it also put a 90-day limit on Redux prescriptions. Even New Jersey doctor Sheldon Levine， who touted Redux last year on TV and in his book The Redux Revolution， has stopped giving it to all but his most obese patients.

　　The reason for all the retrenchment （紧缩、删节）： potentially lethal side effect s. Over the summer， the FDA revealed that 82 patients had developed defects in t heir heart values while on fen-phen， and that seven patients had come down with the same condition on Redux.

　　As if that weren“t bad enough， physicians reported that a woman who had been taking fen-phen for less than a month died of primary pulmonary hypertension， a sometimes fatal lung condition already associated with Redux. And an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association last month confirmed earlier report s that both fen-phen and Redux can cause brain damage in lab animals.

　　These findings led the New England Journal to publish editorial admonishing doctors to prescribe the drugs only for patients with severe obesity. Meanwhile， FDA asked drug makers to put more explicit warnings on fen-phen and Redux labels. Since mid-July， prescriptions for fen-phen have dropped 56%， and those for Redux 36%， according to IMS America， a pharmaceutical market research firm. All that really does， however， is to bring the numbers down toswheresthey should have been all along. Manufacturers said from the start that their pills offered a short-term therapy for the obese， not for people looking to fitsintosa small e r bathing suit. FDA approved Redux with just such a caveat， and when limited to these patients， the drugs may still make sense-despite the risks-because mor bi d obesity carries its own dangers， including heart disease， diabetes and stroke. Too often， however， Redux and fen-phen were peddled to all comers， almost like candy. The current backlash， says Levine， is a “roller coaster that never should have happened.”

　　1.The new pills seemed to be a solution to ____.

　　A. the problem of obesity that has obsessed the Americans for a long time

　　B. the problem that is of great weight and significance

　　C. the vital problem caused by the pills

　　D. the threatening situation we are facing in the long run

　　2.The statement “diet-drug revolution is facing a backlash” is supported by the following facts except ____.

　　A. diet chains and some of the HMOs have removed their support for the pills

　　B. some states have limited or forbidden the prescriptions of the diet pills

　　C. in Florida， patients are told to turn away from the use of fen-phen within a month

　　D. Sheldon Levine， a New Jersey doctor， touted one of the pills on TV and in his book

　　3. The worst case that revealed the fatal dark side of the diet pills is ____.

　　A. 82 patients on fen-phen and seven on Redux had developed heart defects

　　B. a woman patient on fen-phen had died of abnormally high blood pressure

　　C. a woman patient on fen-phen had died of a lung disease

　　D. both diet pills cause brain damage

　　4. New England Journal admonished doctors to ____.

　　A. give the pills only to the severely overweight persons

　　B. take the obese patients off the drugs completely

　　C. drop the prescriptions for the pills drastically

　　D. put clearer warnings on the drug labels

　　5. According to the drug manufacturers， the pills ____.

　　A. only offer temporary treatment for the morbid obesity

　　B. are meant for all the people who yearn for slimness

　　C. are too risky to be used

　　D. are the most important weightloss discoveries

　　Keys to Passage 4

　　A D C A A

　　第五套

　　Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time； even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly a way. And it tells animals when to eat， sleep and wake. It controls body temperature， the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms.

　　Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer， Jean-Jacques d“Ortous de Mairan， noted that one of his plants opened it s leaves at the same time every morning， and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that man”s biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor， Eliot Weitzman， established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by ageing and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Monteflore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered， so no sunlight o r moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers， one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. The instruments measure heartbeat， body temperature， hormones in the blood， other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment. They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches， so the person in the experiment has no idea what time it is. In the first four years of research， Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month， a science reporter for “The New York Times” newspaper， Dava Sobol， became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time， which were published in the newspaper.

　　1.The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in ____.

　　A. the regulation of body temperature

　　B. the secretion of hormones

　　C. animal reproduction

　　D. many aspects of plant and animal physiology

　　2.In his observation， the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles ____.

　　A. even when it was kept in a murky place all day

　　B. even if it was placed in the moonlight

　　C. even when he was observing it from a dark place

　　D. even during the night time

　　3.The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.” （In Paragraph 4） probably means ____.

　　A.They can lead their daily lives according to their biological clocks， without referring to a man-made clock.

　　B.They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to them.

　　C. They can live by regulating their own circadian rhythms.

　　D. They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life.

　　4.In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman， the doctor who is on duty does not work the same time each day ____.

　　A. insgroupsto observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different times

　　B. so as not to be recognized by the people

　　C. so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts work

　　D. so as to leave the people“s circadian rhythms in disorder

　　5.Miss Sobol left the laboratory ____.

　　A. on June 13th B. on June 25th

　　C. at the end of June D. on July 7th

　　Keys to Passage 5

　　D A A C D